RESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: El maltrato y el homicidio infantil se destacan dentro del espectro de la violencia intrafamiliar por las consecuencias severas que generan en la salud, el desarrollo socioeconómico de una región y en la calidad de vida de los menores y sus familiares. Objetivo: Caracterizar el maltrato físico, sexual y los homicidios ejercidos hacia los niños y niñas menores de doce años, ocurridos en el contexto familiar en Medellín, Colombia, durante 2010-2015. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo de la ocurrencia de los eventos violentos intrafamiliares en menores de doce años atendidos por el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses en la ciudad de Medellín. Resultados: Se reportaron 3 519 casos de maltrato físico y sexual infligido a menores de doce años dentro del contexto familiar. 56,9 % de los hechos corresponden a maltrato sexual, siendo las mujeres las principales víctimas de este tipo de abuso; por su parte los hombres fueron los más afectados por maltrato físico. Los menores entre los seis y once años son los más maltratados. Se reportaron nueve casos de homicidio, de los cuales siete fueron cometidos contra mujeres y cinco de estos fueron perpetrados por el padrastro de las víctimas. Conclusiones: El maltrato infantil intrafamiliar ha sido un problema persistente en la ciudad de Medellín, y esto lo demuestra el alto número de casos registrados. No obstante, aunque los reportes de homicidio infantil han sido pocos, no se deben subestimar dada la importancia y las grandes consecuencias que esto presenta para la sociedad.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Child abuse and homicide are highlighted in the spectrum of intrafamily violence due to the severe consequences they generate on health, the economic and social development of a region and the quality of life of children and their families. Objective: characterize the physical and sexual abuse, and homicide exercised against children under twelve years old, occurred in the family context in Medellin Colombia, during 2010-2015. Methodology: Descriptive study, retrospective and cross-sectional. It was made a descriptive statistical analysis of the occurrence of intrafamily violent events attended by the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences in Medellín. Results: 3,519 cases of physical and sexual abuse inflicted on children under twelve years old within the family context were reported. Of these, 56.9% of the events correspond to sexual abuse and women are the main victims of this type of abuse; men are the most affected in physical abuse. Children between six and eleven years old are the most vulnerable. Nine cases of homicide were reported, of which seven were committed against women and five of these were perpetrated by the victims' stepfather. Conclusions: Intrafamily child abuse is a persistent problem in Medellín, and this is demonstrated by the high cases recorded. However, there have been few cases of child homicide, this does not diminish the importance and the number should not be underestimated, because of the enormous consequences they have for society.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Obtaining typologies for adolescent students in north-eastern Medellin in 2006 concerning five mental health indicators (depression level, family functioning level, risk of suicide, consuming psychoactive substances and family vulnerability) linked to gender, age group and commune. METHOD: The information was collected from a stratified random sample of 779 adolescents who were proportionally assigned by the size of educational institutions in each commune in the study area; a 3,5 % error and 95 % confidence interval were used in such calculation. The students were given a questionnaire to fill in by themselves. RESULTS: Three typologies were presented where adolescents were classified as follows: two grouped adolescents without difficulties regarding the five mental health indicators and a third category grouped adolescents having problems in all the mental health indicators studied formed mainly by students from the Popular and Santa Cruz communes (35 %, around 15,636 students). CONCLUSION: The mental health of adolescent students from north-eastern Medellín was seen to be a multidimensional phenomenon needing interdisciplinary intervention and presented differences by gender, age group and commune.
Assuntos
Modelos Psicológicos , Psicologia do Adolescente , Adolescente , Criança , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Depressão , Saúde da Família , Feminino , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Amostragem , Suicídio , Inquéritos e Questionários , Populações Vulneráveis , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objetivo Obtener tipologías de adolescentes escolarizados en la zona nororiental de Medellín en el 2006, por medio de cinco indicadores de salud mental, nivel de depresión, nivel de funcionamiento familiar, nivel de riesgo de suicidio, consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y vulnerabilidad familiar. Métodos La información se produce desde una muestra aleatoria estratificada de 779 adolescentes que se asigna proporcionalmente al tamaño de las instituciones educativas en cada comuna de la zona y se calcula con un error del 3,5 por ciento y una confianza del 95 por ciento. Se aplica un cuestionario autodiligenciado a los estudiantes. Resultados Se muestran tres tipologías, dos de las cuales agrupan adolescentes sin dificultades en los cinco indicadores de salud mental y una tercera tipología con problemáticas en todos los indicadores de salud mental estudiados, formada principalmente por estudiantes de las comunas Popular y Santa Cruz, que representan el 35 por ciento del total, 15 636 estudiantes, aproximadamente. Conclusión La salud mental de los adolescentes escolarizados de la zona nororiental de Medellín es un fenómeno multidimensional que requiere una intervención interdisciplinaria y presenta diferencias por sexo, grupo de edad y comuna de residencia.
Objective Obtaining typologies for adolescent students in north-eastern Medellin in 2006 concerning five mental health indicators (depression level, family functioning level, risk of suicide, consuming psychoactive substances and family vulnerability) linked to gender, age group and commune. Method The information was collected from a stratified random sample of 779 adolescents who were proportionally assigned by the size of educational institutions in each commune in the study area; a 3,5 percent error and 95 percent confidence interval were used in such calculation. The students were given a questionnaire to fill in by themselves. Results Three typologies were presented where adolescents were classified as follows: two grouped adolescents without difficulties regarding the five mental health indicators and a third category grouped adolescents having problems in all the mental health indicators studied formed mainly by students from the Popular and Santa Cruz communes (35 percent, around 15,636 students). Conclusion The mental health of adolescent students from north-eastern Medellín was seen to be a multidimensional phenomenon needing interdisciplinary intervention and presented differences by gender, age group and commune.
